8.7 Analysis of DNA Structure, DNA Binding and DNA Damage
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چکیده
• Acridine orange (A-1301, A-3568; Section 8.1) is one of the most popular and versatile fluorescent stains for histochemistry and cytochemistry and can provide a wide variety of information about the in situ content, molecular structure, conformation and environment of many nucleic acid–containing cell constituents.1 • Fluorescence photobleaching of DNA that has been photolytically labeled with ethidium monoazide (E-1374, Section 8.1) permits measurement of slow reorientational motions.2 • The fluorescence intensity and binding affinity of the Hoechst dyes appear to be highly dependent on the sequence and conformation of the DNA base pairs.3–5 For example, staining by Hoechst 33258 (H-1398, H-3569; FluoroPure grade, H-21491; Section 8.1) can discriminate parallel and antiparallel stem regions in hairpin DNA conformations.6 • The fluorescence lifetime of the PicoGreen dye (P-7581, P-11495; Section 8.3) bound to single-stranded DNA is reported to be different when bound to double-stranded DNA.7
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